"Electoral Competition Under the Threat of Political Unrest" (with Matthew Ellman), Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 2000.

"Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin," World Politics, April 2003.

"The Paradox of "Warlord" Democracy: A Theoretical Investigation," American Political Science Review, 2004.

"The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa" (with Nathan Nunn). American Economic Review, forthcoming.